Democracy Debate in Herodotus

Herodotus, the Greek historian known as the Father of History, describes a debate on the three government types  (Herodotus III.80-82), in which proponents of each type tell whats wrong or right with democracy. 1. The monarchist  (supporter of rule by one person, be it a king, tyrant, dictator, or emperor) says freedom, one component of what we today think of as a democracy, can be given just as well by monarchs. 2. The oligarch  (supporter of rule by a few, especially the aristocracy but could also be the best educated) points out the inherent danger of democracy -- mob rule. 3. The pro-democracy speaker (supporter of rule by the citizens who in a direct democracy all vote on all issues) says in democracy magistrates are held accountable and are selected by lot; deliberation is made by the entire citizen body (optimally, according to Plato, 5040 adult males). Equality is the guiding principle of democracy. Read the three positions: Book III 80. When the tumult had subsided and more than five days had elapsed, those who had risen against the Magians began to take counsel about the general state, and there were spoken speeches which some of the  Hellenes  do not believe were really uttered, but spoken they were nevertheless. On the one hand Otanes urged that they should resign the government into the hands of the whole body of the Persians, and his words were as follows: To me, it seems best that no single one of us should henceforth be ruler, for that is neither pleasant nor profitable. Ye saw the insolent temper of Cambyses, to what lengths it went, and ye have had experience also of the insolence of the Magian: and how should the rule of one alone be a well-ordered thing, seeing that the monarch may do what he desires without rendering any account of his acts? Even the best of all men, if he were placed in this disposition, would be caused by it to change from his wonted disposition: for insolence is engendered in him by the good things which he possesses, and envy is implanted in man from the beginning; and having these two things, he has all vice: for he does many deeds of reckless wrong, partly moved by insolence proceeding from satiety, and partly by envy. And yet a despot at least ought to have been free from envy, seeing that he has all manner of good things. He is however naturally in just the opposite temper towards his subjects; for he grudges to the nobles that they should survive and live, but delights in the basest of citizens, and he is more ready than any other man to receive calumnies. Then of all things he is the most inconsistent; for if you express admiration of him moderately, he is offended that no very great court is paid to him, whereas if you pay court to him extravagantly, he is offended with you for being a flatterer. And the most important matter of all is that which I am about to say:--he disturbs the customs handed down from our fathers, he is a ravisher of women, and he puts men to death without trial. On the other hand the rule of many has first a name attaching to it which is the fairest of all names, that is to say Equality; next, the multitude does none of those things which the monarch does: offices of state are exercised by lot, and the magistrates are compelled to render account of their action: and finally all matters of deliberation are referred to the public assembly. I therefore give as my opinion that we let monarchy go and increase the power of the multitude; for in the many is contained everything. 81. This was the opinion expressed by Otanes; but Megabyzos urged that they should entrust matters to the rule of a few, saying these words: That which Otanes said in opposition to a tyranny, let it be counted as said for me also, but in that which he said urging that we should make over the power to the multitude, he has missed the best counsel: for nothing is more senseless or insolent than a worthless crowd; and for men flying from the insolence of a despot to fall into that of unrestrained popular power, is by no means to be endured: for he, if he does anything, does it knowing what he does, but the people cannot even know; for how can that know which has neither been taught anything noble by others nor perceived anything of itself, but pushes on matters with violent impulse and without understanding, like a torrent stream? Rule of the people then let them adopt who are foes to the Persians; but let us choose a company of the best men, and to them attach the chief power; for in t he number of these we shall ourselves also be, and it is likely that the resolutions taken by the best men will be the best. 82. This was the opinion expressed by Megabyzos; and thirdly Dareios proceeded to declare his opinion, saying: To me it seems that in those things which Megabyzos said with regard to the multitude he spoke rightly, but in those which he said with regard to the rule of a few, not rightly: for whereas there are three things set before us, and each is supposed to be the best in its own kind, that is to say a good popular government, and the rule of a few, and thirdly the rule of one, I say that this last is by far superior to the others; for nothing better can be found than the rule of an individual man of the best kind; seeing that using the best judgment he would be guardian of the multitude without reproach; and resolutions directed against enemies would so best be kept secret. In an oligarchy however it happens often that many, while practising virtue with regard to the commonwealth, have strong private enmities arising among themselves; for as each man desires to be himself the lea der and to prevail in counsels, they come to great enmities with one another, whence arise factions among them, and out of the factions comes murder, and from murder results the rule of one man; and thus it is shown in this instance by how much that is the best. Again, when the people rules, it is impossible that corruption should not arise, and when corruption arises in the commonwealth, there arise among the corrupt men not enmities but strong ties of friendship: for they who are acting corruptly to the injury of the commonwealth put their heads together secretly to do so. And this continues so until at last some one takes the leadership of the people and stops the course of such men. By reason of this the man of whom I speak is admired by the people, and being so admired he suddenly appears as monarch. Thus he too furnishes herein an example to prove that the rule of one is the best thing. Finally, to sum up all in a single word, whence arose the liberty which we possess, and who gave it to us? Was it a gift of the people or of an oligarchy or of a monarch? I therefore am of opinion that we, having been set free by one man, should preserve that form of rule, and in other respects also that we should not annul the customs of our fathers which are ordered well; for that is not the better way. Source: Herodotus Book III

Leadership in Innovation - 4900 Words

LEADERSHIP The activity of leading a group of people or an organization or the ability to do this. Leadership involves (1) establishing a clear vision, (2) sharing that vision with others so that they will follow willingly, (3) providing the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision, and (4) coordinating and balancing the conflicting interests of all members and stakeholders. Leadership is organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal. ROLE OF LEADERSHIP IN TECHNOLOGY GENERATION Technology is now an integral part of learning and the ability to learn and use technology is quickly becoming a†¦show more content†¦Innovation includes three different stages, which are all dynamic and iterative (constant): 1. Idea Generation 2. Evaluation 3. Implementation The two types of innovation include exploratory innovation, which involves generating brand new ideas, and exploitative innovation, which involves modifying and improving ideas that already exist.[10][11][12][13] It is of importance to note that the ideas generated need to be useful in order to be considered innovative. Innovation should also not be confused with creativity, which is merely the generation of a novel idea that may not necessarily be put into operation, although these words are sometimes used interchangeably in research literature when speaking about innovation leadership. Innovation leadership is a quite complex concept, as there is no single explanation or formula for a leader to follow to increase innovation. As a result, innovation leadership encompasses a variety of different, activities, actions, and behaviors that interact with one another to produce an innovative outcome. Innovative Organizational Culture/Climate Some studies have shown evidence of organizational culture as the mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational innovation [21][22][23][24] and performance.[25][26] In other words, in order for transformational leadership to have an effectShow MoreRelatedInnovation Leadership2252 Words   |  10 PagesInnovation Leadership MBA6006 Capella University Introduction When one thinks of innovation, it is a term used to describe new ideas and new beginnings. One who introduced this concept to a failing organization, was an innovative leader named. 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Understanding the skills required of a leader in order to create an organization that innovates varies from leader to leader and business to business. However, there are some commonalities, based on the study of organizations and leaders who have been widely accepted for their ability to remain innovative. The following paper will explore viewpointsRead MoreLeadership : Supporting Training Innovation Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Appreciative Leadership: supporting training Innovation† the creator said; â€Å"†¦that thankful administration may be exceptional around authority hypotheses both previous and exhibit. This uniqueness incorporates its strength-based practice, hunt for those certain done kin Also organizations, and the part this assumes Previously, authoritative improvement Furthermore change. † (Knapp Also Copland, 2010). School board policy requires that the faculty support the leadership and the leadership support theRead MoreStrategic Leadership Innovation at Apple4130 Words   |  17 PagesContents Executive Summary 3 Part One – Critically Evaluate the Key Features of Apple’s Industry 5 Part Two – Discuss how Leadership in Apple Influenced Strategic Innovation 8 Part Three – Critically assess Steve Jobs as a strategic leader at Apple 12 Conclusions 15 Appendices 17 References 20    2    Executive Summary â€Å"Increasingly, though, we live in an irregular world, where irregular people take advantage of irregular events and useRead MoreStrategic Leadership Innovation at Apple4142 Words   |  17 PagesContents Executive Summary 3 Part One – Critically Evaluate the Key Features of Apple’s Industry 5 Part Two – Discuss how Leadership in Apple Influenced Strategic Innovation 8 Part Three – Critically assess Steve Jobs as a strategic leader at Apple 12 Conclusions 15 Appendices 17 References 20    2    Executive Summary â€Å"Increasingly, though, we live in an irregular world, where irregular people take advantage of irregular events and use irregular means to produce irregularRead MoreThe Concept of Leadership in Innovation and Change549 Words   |  2 Pages........................... ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 4 The concept of leadership in innovation and change ................................ ................................ ...... 7 The significance of leaders to the process of innovation ................................ ................................ 9 My reflections ................................ ................................ .......Read MoreInnovation Leadership : 6 Steps Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesInnovation Leadership: 6 Steps to Profitability By Timothy Donovan | Submitted On March 22, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Timothy Donovan Current Situation In today s competitiveRead MoreLeadership and Innovation at Apple, Inc. 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In addition to contributing to sustainable innovation to keep the company relevant and successful in a competitive technology race around the globe. This paper will focus on the keys for success that the company instills into its manufacturing, employees

Construction Companies in an Online Environment Essay Free Essays

string(111) " shortss to let one an penetration into some of the interior workings of Gerald Martin and their achievements\." For a company to be feasible online it must pull the consumer every bit good as nowadays a feasible market for the merchandise being sold. When one thinks of a company that does concern good online they may convey to mind concerns such as Amazon or Google. However there are many companies that provide a great merchandise or service but fail to hold an on-line presence that some of their top online rivals possess. We will write a custom essay sample on Construction Companies in an Online Environment Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now One field that has an expansive online presence is the building industry. Many companies such as Thor Construction Inc. have gone the path of engaging a professional online market company to plan their web site. while other much smaller companies have to plan their on-line presence by what their budget will let. Darrell Julian Construction out of Albuquerque. NM is a company that has a web site that could profit from developing a different online scheme directed toward their mark audience in the commercial and residential building field. It used to be that one would travel to the xanthous pages to happen a contractor or trust on word of oral cavity to happen a company for a building undertaking. Harmonizing to the web site for Darrell Julian Construction ( Darrell Julian Construction. Inc. . 2007 ) . the company was established in 1975. long earlier on-line selling would hold been a idea for Mr. Julian and his company. As the company grew and the industry began to hold greater on-line prevision. Darrell Julian building needed to take its service to the cyberspace to increase their marketability and remain competitory with the other buildings companies in their mark market. By making this Darrell Julian’s company identified with what Swiply’s web site provinces that â€Å"the cyberspace gives you a virtually limitless platform on which you can separate yourself as an industry expert. † ( Swipely. 2011 ) In 2007 the web site darrelljulianconstuction. com was created to give this long established company a opportunity to vie in an on-line environment. The merchandise and service that the company has to offer would be feasible in an on-line market as the consumer would be able to see the edifices and the alone manner that Darrell Julian’s company assembles the merchandise. Harmonizing to the web site the walls are designed at a panel works located at their installation and so shipped to the occupation site for assembly as opposed to constructing everything at the occupation site. This ability allows the workers to piece preciseness wall panels and construct big scale undertakings in a timely mode. Having these keywords in their online selling allows the client to seek for a building company that can provide the demand of big building undertakings with a timely bringing. All of these facets allow this company to acquire the word out to the online shopper that they can make full specific demands. nevertheless merely holding a web site in today’s market may non be plenty to acquire the consumer to shop your merchandise or service. Darrell Julian’s web site is available merely by typing in Darrell Julian and so the hunt engine supplies the web site as one of the first listed on the page. So it is non a difficult web site to happen. if one knows the name of the concern. However. if a individual was to seek for building companies in Albuquerque. NM. that individual would non see the name Darrell Julian anyplace on the first page. The client seeking for what Mr. Julian’s company has to offer would non hold the chance to see the web site because it is non available in a general hunt. For this site to be successful it must make the people that are seeking for it. The competition is out at that place and their end is to make the consumer foremost before they have the chance to shop around. Some of the first sites that one sees when a hunt is done for building companies in Albuquerque would be companies such as Jaynes Corporation. Gerald Martin General Contractor. and Hart Construction Inc. There are many other companies that appear on the first page of the hunt but a first glimpse these appear to be the more popular companies that consumers search for when seeking to happen a building company. Jaynes Corporation is the first site that appears with a brief description after the companies’ name. Jaynes Corporation is chiefly a commercial building company that offers competition to Darrell Julian Construction on a big graduated table. Their site shows many images of the undertakings that they have done every bit good as elaborate descriptions as to what the undertaking required. Some of the other positives of the web site are that they provide a complete company profile. imperativeness releases and intelligence narratives representing their work every bit good as wagess. and links to societal media sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Some of the negative facets of the site are that they do non speak about that building procedure every bit much as one would believe would be necessary to understand how the company adds to the value of their service with alone traits of their design. There is besides non a topographic point to happen client feedback on the site. be it good or bad so that a client can associate to the other organisation that have utilized Jaynes Corporation’s services. Gerald Martin has a beautiful place page that entices the visitant with dramatic images of some of their greatest achievements in the field of commercial building. Besides on the place page are some of the company’s accreditations. with the in writing designs that those who understand the building industry would acknowledge by site. As with the web site for Jaynes. this site offers many images of the company’s undertakings with a elaborate description of the construction that was built. Besides there is a nexus to read intelligence Jockey shortss to let one an penetration into some of the interior workings of Gerald Martin and their achievements. You read "Construction Companies in an Online Environment Essay" in category "Essay examples" One of the negatives that could stand out to a visitant of the site would be that there are no links to societal media sites. Again much like with Jaynes Corporation there are no testimonies on the site. There is non a topographic point to travel to see customer’s sentiments of the company or the site. Another facet that one might happen is that there is non a topographic point to compare how Gerald Martin stands apart from their competition giving the client a manner to extinguish other companies from their hunt. One concluding site for comparing is Hart Construction located in the local Albuquerque country. The web site for this company has many of the same attributes as Darrel Julian’s web site. Upon first glimpse the site is non as professionally done as the other two companies that it is compared to above. The site does have quality images that show some of the occupations that the company has done but there are no descriptions as to what was done on the undertaking. so one does non what aspects of building the company can supply to their clients. One property that the site does offer. that differs from the others. is a mention page. They are non testimonies but they do give the possible client the opportunity to reach other clients that have used the company for their undertakings. All of these sites differ immensely from Darrell Julian Construction with the exclusion of Hart Construction’s site. that allow for competition to supply a much more attractive online experience for individuals seeking for a quality contractor. One facet of online selling that Darrell Julian’s web site could profit from would be content selling. Harmonizing to Laura Lake from About. com â€Å"everyone is seeking to sell. but those that can inform are more likely to acquire gross revenues. † ( Lake. L. . n. d. ) Though Darrell Julian’s site does demo content that supports their service every bit good as descriptions of what the company can offer the client. it does non travel in depth adequate to demo the value added when taking Darrell Julian Construction over one of their on-line rivals. The site lacks the ability to pull clients with up to day of the month stations and information about the company. It besides does non offer a manner for the possible client to experience that they are being enticed to take Darrell Julian over a similar company that may hold a more modern-day image of their overall value. The content of Jaynes Corporation’s web site offers a really appealing ocular entreaty every bit good as a battalion of chances to research why engaging this company to make a occupation would be good non merely in quality but monetarily every bit good. The content of the web site is presented in such a mode that allows the spectator to voyage to where he or she would wish to travel to happen relevant information. When one positions Darrell Julian’s web site it is non as appealing nor is it as easy to voyage as some of their rivals. A company must remain relevant to remain in order to remain in competition with other rivals. If a site gives the spectator the sense that the content is non current. and that the company is non keeping their web site. a individual may be inclined to travel elsewhere to hunt. Another online selling scheme Darrell Julian’s company would profit from would be Web site optimisation. As mentioned antecedently. the web site can be found when typing in the owner’s name. Darrell Julian. However. if one was to type in general building keywords they would non be directed to Darrell Julian’s web site. Even though the rubric of the company does incorporate the word building it would be much more good to hold the first word in the rubric be associated with the building industry. A name like Construction Designs by Darrell Julian would let the company a better opportunity of demoing up on the first page of the hunt engines query. ( Stokes. R. . n. d. ) Optimization brings to mind ways to execute in a more adept mode. For Darrell Julian’s web site to be more adept for the client it would hold to be more readily accessible. One manner to do a site more available to the individual carry oning the hunt would be to hold links on web site that provide related merchandises or services. If a relationship could be made with a site that provides land that is zoned for commercial building a client that was looking for land to construct on would besides come across Mr. Julian’s web site to supply their building demands. It is of import to hold positive facets about 1s company be the focal point when a client is seeking for a merchandise or service provided by a company. When Darrell Julian Construction is typed into a hunt the focal point of the hunt conveying the oculus straight to the web site. which is the first point on the page. However if the individual seeking for this peculiar web site scrolls down to mid page there is a nexus to a legal web page that brings up a jurisprudence suit against the company from 1998. Though this is non a detrimental claim it does convey inquiries to the consumer carry oning the hunt as to whether or non they should go on to see Darrell Julian Construction as a campaigner for their concern. It would be much better for the company if intelligence like this had to be searched for alternatively of on the same page as the nexus to the site itself. One scheme that would be utile here would to be persevering in making adequate web traffic via societal media or other positive web sites that allows this information to fall back to other pages so that it is non the first thing that a client sees. One could utilize sites like Squidoo. or a blog site such a sGoogle+ to make positive web traffic on a page. Even though Darrell Julian’s web site does province what the concern can make for the client. it does non to the full cover how the client will profit by taking Darrell Julian Construction as its contractor. One scheme that keeps such things in head is a displacement in believing. altering the focal point from and upstream attack. looking at the merchandise. to a downstream attack. concentrating on the client. In Naraj Dawar’s Harvard Business Review article he states that â€Å"the strategic inquiry that drives concern today is non ‘What else can we do? ’ but ‘What else can we make for our clients? † . ( Dawar. N. . 2013 ) Darrell Julian’s web site does a good occupation of speaking about their expertness in panel works building and how that allows the company to construct walls at their site and so transport them out to the build site. It does non travel into great item as to how this will profit the client financially every bit good as shorten the clip line it will take to complete the merchandise. All of these facets of the concern would be positives to a possible client and should be brought out in more item on the site in topographic point that would be readily viewed by the consumer. such as the place page. With all of these schemes in head one of the most good schemes that Mr. Julian could integrate into his web site would be the presence of societal media. It seems about everyone is on societal media sites these yearss from grandmas posting images of their grandkids to concerns marketing their merchandise with instant client feedback and response. From Facebook to Twitter concerns are acquiring the message out that their merchandise is superior over what their competition has to offer and ask for clients that have used their company to distribute the word that they approve of the merchandise or service that they received. Jaynes Corporation is a perfect illustration of how the building industry can make those clients that may non straight search for their site by marketing on sites such as Facebook and Google Plus. One of the advantages to sites such as Facebook is that clients can make your web site through your Facebook page. or they can associate to you Facebook though your direct web page. For illustration. if person had used Darrell Julian Construction for one of their undertakings they may wish your page on Facebook. Possibly a possible client may be friends with this person and come across Darrell Julian’s web page via this signifier of selling. On the other manus a possible client may be on Mr. Julian’s web site and desiring to read some testimony of others experiences with his company so they click the nexus on the site and are directed to the companies Facebook page. There they will hold the advantage of acquiring to cognize what type of a concern they are looking into and how others felt about the service they received from Darrell Julian building. By supplying these chances for his clients Darrell Julian has the possible to spread out his concern web presence exponentially. Another societal media site that could be really utile to Darrell Julian’s company would be YouTube. This site allows the user to watch video’s of peculiar topics that the spectator may be interested in through a hunt straight on the site. or by associating to the site via 1s personal web page. One manner that Darrell Julian may profit from a site such as this would be to set links to some pictures of his undertakings as they are being constructed in existent clip. Customers could snap on the nexus and ticker as a undertaking unfolds. and to see the professionalism and workmanship that Mr. Julian speaks of in his web site. Traveling back to a old remark sing selling scheme. one of Darrell Julian’s hallmark design facets of the concern is his panel works design. If the links are set up right on the site a client could hold the chance to watch the panel works procedure as it happens. This individual would hold the alone ability to visualise for themselves what the company is speaking about in the site without of all time holding to go forth the comfort of their office. There is besides the testimonial piece of the selling scheme. YouTube could let for picture to be posted of clients speaking about the first-class service and outstanding experience they had when covering with Darrell Julian Construction. These sites are some of the more good cognize societal media sites that most are familiar with. nevertheless blogs offer the company an chance to make a topographic point for non merely direct selling by speaking about the merchandise. but indirectly by composing about experiences and interactions with clients. Blogs come in many forms and sizes. from societal web logs to wikis. or podcasts. A web log can be set up easy by an single and does non necessitate the aid of a professional to be appealing to individual reading or composing in the web log. Another great property of the web log for the company that chooses to use that media is that it can be controlled. Unlike Facebook or Twitter one can put bounds on who can entree the web log to compose remarks. or give feedback. This is a safe manner for a company to acquire the word out about their merchandise without holding to make excessively much harm control. Darrell Julian Construction could spread out their web presence by holding a web log that clients could associate to through the site. This would once more let the client to read elaborate descriptions of others experiences with the company every bit good as get to cognize Mr. Julian straight through his entries to the site. Another positive facet of the web log is that it can take a place on the first page of a hunt that person may be carry oning for Darrell Julian Construction leting for a positive hunt and forcing negative facets such as the case to a ulterior page. As a whole the online selling program that Darrell Julian Construction. Inc. set out to set up was a good start for the company. A web site that would market to their consumer base on the cyberspace and let them to remain competitory with other companies that provided similar services. When Darrell Julian set up his web site in 2007 there were many properties to the site that would let his company to stay competitory via the cyberspace. On the site potency clients could happen out what Darrell Julian Construction’s mission and vision is. every bit good as how the concern operates. One can besides happen images and brief descriptions of some of the company’s top designs. With that being said the site itself is non what some of Darrell Julian rivals has to offer their clients. One of Mr. Julian’s biggest rivals. Jaynes Corporation. offers their client a visually appealing web site that has a battalion of high definition images every bit good as elaborate description of their undertakings. In add-on to the entreaty of the web site. a client can besides associate to the companies Facebook site. their Twitter site. every bit good as other societal media sites that will let the client to derive better cognition of whom they are making concern with. If Darrell Julian wants his company to remain competitory in an online environment his web site will necessitate to be updated with more content as to why the company is feasible to the possible online client. More elaborate descriptions of Darrell Julian Constructions alone panel works and how the works will profit the client would be a utile add-on to the site. More synergistic images and elaborate descriptions of occupations will let a client better entree to information from the comfort of their personal computing machine. Mr. Julian’s competition will most likely continue to update their sites every bit good as add content as it becomes evident that it will assist in their selling scheme. For Mr. Julian to remain competitory his company will necessitate to implement a program to hold person within the company or a 3rd party that will maintain the content up-to-date and let a competitory border over the competition. Some of the facets discussed supra will assist in leting Mr. Julian’s company to be one of the first web sites a client sees when they Google the word building in Albuquerque. NM. One major alteration may merely merely be altering the name of the site to include the existent word building at the beginning of the name leting the hunt to give his web site by subject. These schemes that would to be implemented will let a much better experience for the client every bit good as the company as a whole. Social media is everyplace and most people are traveling to societal media to seek for merchandises or services before they will really see the company’s web site. Many will falter across a company’s web site as a consequence making other things on a societal media site. Mr. Julian does hold a Facebook site for his company nevertheless. there is no manner to entree the company’s web site from Facebook. nor is at that place any manner to entree the Facebook site from the existent web site itself. A nexus between these two sites would let the client to non merely see the web site but to use societal media to seek for a company that will suit their demand. In decision. Darrell Julian has an on-line presence that allows a client to happen them if they are willing to make the research. Most do non pass that much clip to happen a company when there are other sites that are readily available to the client through a hunt on a hunt engine or through a societal media site. Companies continue to acquire a bulk of their concern through their advertisement and selling on the cyberspace. for some companies it is their individual and best beginning of selling. Darrell Julian Construction could keep a strong presence on the web by doing some critical alterations to their site and societal media interaction with the client. Keeping this on-line presence and taging their company in a professional mode could be the difference between a client taking Mr. Julian’s company over the competition. MentionsDarrell Julian Construction. Inc. ( 2007 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. darrelljulianconstruction. com/Lake. L. ( n. d. ) . Top Internet Marketing Strategies for the Small Business. Retrieved fromhypertext transfer protocol: //marketing. about. com/od/strategytutorials/a/Top-Internet-Marketing-Strategies-For-The-Small-Business. htmStokes. R. ( n. d. ) . eMarketing: The indispensable Guide to Online Marketing. v. 1. 0. Chapter 6:Search Engine Optimization. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/Bookhub/reader/19? e=fwk-105454-ch18 # fwk-105454-ch06Dawar. N. ( 2013 ) . Harvard Business Review: When Selling Is Strategy. How to cite Construction Companies in an Online Environment Essay, Essay examples

Industrial Equity Limited

Question: Discuss about the Industrial Equity Limited. Answer: Introduction: The main issue discussed in the above mentioned case law is about the powers that the majority shareholders of a company has to amend the articles of association of a company and if the resolution passed for the amendment of the articles of WCP Ltd which would enable the enforced acquisition of the shareholdings of the minority shareholders is valid or not. The majority stake was held by Industrial Equity Limited (IEL) who tried to forcefully take the minority stake of Mr. Giancarlo Gambotto by introducing a paragraph in the articles of WCP Ltd. IEL was the owner of 99.7% of the issued capital of WCP Ltd via a wholly owned subsidiary. However soon the majority stakeholder decided to become a wholly owned subsidiary of WCP ltd as well as it would benefit him for tax purposes as well as for the costs of administration. It therefore decided to include a new section, section 176 of the Corporations Law in its articles wherein it sought to buy the minority stakeholders shares as well for 1.80 cents per share. But Mr. Giancarlo Gambotto and Ms. Eliana Sandri did not support for such an alteration and hence did not turn up for the general meeting in which decision for such an alteration would take place. Rule: In simple terms any alterations in the articles of a company which connotes oppression of any kind to any member of the company would be invalid and beyond the powers conferred in section 176 of the Corporations Law. Articles of a company may be altered for allowing the majority power to confiscate the shares of the minority only if it is lawful with regards the purpose for which such an expropriation is taking place and it should at the same time ensure that the minority shareholders in no manner be oppressed. Thus fairness of such an alteration is of utmost importance. By fairness it means that the price at which the expropriation is offered to happen should be not less than the market value and other factors such as the companys goodwill, its dividend structure and future should all be considered as well. The burden to prove the farness lies on the majority shareholders. Thus as per section 176 of the Law an expropriation of shares of the minority is valid if it is fair in all circumstances and is for the benefit of the company. Such as n the case of Brown v British Abrasive Wheel Co Ltd [1919] 1 Ch D 290, the alteration in the articles of the company was rejected as the majority shareholders wished to purchase the shares of the minority as the majority were ready to put in the additional capital which the company needed but in lieu of the shares of the minority. The court rejected it as such an alteration did not benefit the company in any manner. Hence as per the rule any change in the alteration of the articles of association of any company is welcomed and agreed by the court only if it is in the bonafide interest of the company as a whole and the minorities interest is not suppressed in any manner whatsoever. Application: The said case has a very unique judgement passed by the High Court. The decision of the New South Wales Court of Appeal was reversed by the High Court eventually and a final decision was passed in the year 1995 in favour of the minority shareholders. The High Court applied the provisions of Section 176 of the Corporation Law very minutely by studying each word of the section in depth. It also referred to the previous case laws and found out the dissimilarities of the case. The decision taken in the year 1993 was further reviewed by the Supreme Court and a final verdict was spelt out in 1995. Initially, McLelland J said that the said alteration led to a suppression of the rights of Gambotto and other minority shareholders and hence was invalid and impressed upon the fact that alteration should be bonafide for the benefit of the company as a whole was not apt for the particular case. However on an appeal put forward in the New South Wales court of Appeal it was agreed by Meagher JA and Cripps JA together that the suggestion put forward by McLelland J, that any alteration in the articles which would allow confiscation of shares of the minorities would always lead to oppression is false. They reiterated section 176, which states that the shareholders of a company has the right to make changes in the articles of a company by passing a special resolution but only if such an alteration does not cause any kind of an oppression by the majority over the minority. It also conferred upon the fact that such an alteration was basically for the benefit of the company as well, as WCP L td would end up gaining with regards the tax instance as well would further benefit in saving upon huge costs on administration. Lastly the price offered by the majority shareholder for such an act is also not unfair i.e. it is above the net asset value of the company. The appeal made by them was further seconded by Priestley JA which stated that the shares are a sort of property and again impressed upon the fact that it is the rights of the majority shareholders to alter the articles as per section 176 and compensation for the same was adequate enough hence it was a valid stance by the majority shareholders to proceed with such an alteration. However the High Court pronounced a different judgement which enabled to strengthen the position of the minority shareholders of a company drastically. The High Court did not pay heed to the old test which stated about the interest of the company and introduced two new tests for the said case. The first test is with regards the changes to be made in the articles of the company which leads to conflict of interest amongst the various shareholders of a company but it does not include the expropriation of shares or any property rights attached to such shares. Thus such changes are acceptable and valid until and unless it contradicts any purpose stated in the articles previously or leads to any sort of oppression. The second test includes any kind of conflicts with regards the alteration of the articles of association of a company with regards the confiscation of the shares by the majority shareholders of the minority. A two limbed test was introduced by the High Court with regards the same First was the purpose and second was the fairness of such an expropriation. Mason CJ, Brennan, Deane and Dawson JJ , pronounced that a proper purpose means something that saves the company or the organization from suffering from any serious harm or damage. Thus expropriation should be done so as to ensure that the company is saved from such detriment. Proper purpose was defined as expropriation of shares of a rival group or those held by a foreign entity or an individual. Therefore it is clear that this part is stricter than the traditional purpose which said bonafide benefit for the company as a whole. Further to this the joint judgement concluded that the proposed alterations of the articles of WCP Ltd were null and void as it failed to clear the first limb test. By making such a change the company did not try to overcome a possible loss instead tried to simply gain a benefit which ultra vires the definition of proper purpose. Howsoever, there are some issues with regards this concept. Firstly the distinction made between the two phrases does not connote any difference to the company as avoiding any act which would cause harm tot he company is also for the benefit of the entity and similarly denying a company from obtaining any benefit can cause detriment to the company. Secondly this view failed to consider the nature of the shares. It did not differentiate between the private and public company shares expropriation purposes. Thirdly the concept of proper purpose has led to a reversal of the oppression by the minority over the majority. Apart from the joint judgement, McHugh Js view for the first limb is a wider one and more acceptable. It stated that the purpose is said to be a proper one if it enabled safeguarding or promoting of the interest of a company. But one additional clause which McHugh J added was that the proper purpose should be external to the organization and hence saving on the administration cost does not comply with such an external purpose, but the tax benefit does justify the same. The second limb of fairness enabled the minority shareholders to ask the majority to prove that there has been no oppression. Joint judgement divided the same into two parts procedural and substantive. The former demands the shareholders with majority stake to disclose all the important data and also that the shares of the company should be valued by an expert who is not influenced by the companys shareholders or any such other related person. The latter focussed upon the price at which the shares would be acquired by the majority shareholders. Joint judgment stated that only the market price of the shares was not the true test of sufficiency. It should consider other factors such as dividend loss and future benefits derived. McHugh J, though seconded with the joint judgement but had some deviations to the same as well. He said that the market value of the shares of large listed public companies is prone to market fluctuations. He found that there was a proper purpose attached but the price offered was unfair and hence ultimately both the joint judgement and that pronounced by McHugh J were similar i.e. the expropriation was unacceptable and invalid in nature. Although Gambotto did not question upon the fairness of the expropriation. Gambotto had also stated about section 180(3) of the Corporations Law which was duly rejected by the joint judgement as it does not restrict trading of the shares before expropriation even if such a clause is valid. However the decision was in favour of the minority shareholder as although the proper purpose was available but the fairness of the dealings was not proved by the majority shareholders. Conclusion: On a concluding note it is understood from the above issue, rules to be applied and that finally applied that past judgements are just used as references and the provisions should not be read at its face value only. They should be understood deeply as to what the Law means to say. It is clearly proved that the Corporation Law has become stringent with regards the corporate governance after the decision has been spelt out in favour of the minority shareholders in the said case study. Further it has paved the way to introduce a reform in the legislation in this area which would protect the interest of the minority as well as the majority shareholders to the extent that nobody is oppressed by each others dealings. It has clearly stated that the concept of bonafide for the benefit of the company as a whole has been dismantled totally and that the sections of the Corporation Law should be studied and viewed with a broader mind. References Brown v British Abrasiye Wheel Co (1919) 1Ch290, Sid Deborah A. DeMott, Proprietary Norms in Corporate Law: An Essay on Reading Gambotto in the United States, inGambotto v. WCP Ltd.: Its Implications for Corporate Regulation90-101 (Ian Ramsay ed., 1996), (online), https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/3140 Gambotto v WCP Ltd (1995) 69 AWR 266 (Gambotto) Kevans, Stephen, Oppression of Majority Shareholders by a Minority ? Gambotto v WCP Ltd, (1996), Sydney Law Review Journal (Online), https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/SydLawRw/1996/6.pdf Mitchell, Vanessa, Gambotto and the Rights of Minority Shareholder , (1994), Bond Law Review 6(2) Ramsay, Ian and Saunders, Benjamin, What Do You Do With a High Court Decision You Dont Like ?- Legislative , Judicial and Academic Responses to Gambotto v WCP Ltd, (1996), Melbourne Law School (Online), https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/1709610/42-WhatDoYouDoWithAHighCourtDecisionYouDontLike1.pdf

Why did Estonia move from a planned economy to a market economy Essay Example

Why did Estonia move from a planned economy to a market economy Essay When Estonia first gained independence after the First World War, it enjoyed great economic success and development during the twenty-year inter-war period. However, the economic gains were negated by fifty years of Soviet occupation following World War II, leading to economic stagnation. The central government of the Soviet Union had destroyed the Soviet Republics economy as a whole, as the decision of what to produce, how much to produce and for whom to produce was placed solely on the government. Thus inefficient monopolistic state-owned industries employing the entire population regardless of skill level churned out poor quality goods that nobody wanted, while the rationing of basic foodstuffs was part of daily life. With the loss of the profit motive and no hierarchy system where the better were rewarded, both people and companies had little motivation to be efficient or innovative. The Estonian economy was in reality just the sum of the enterprises physically located on one territory. Due to the closed Soviet Unions huge shortage economy and immense quantities of natural resources, the Estonian economy could seemingly ignore world competition. As raw materials were bought at heavily subsidized prices from Russia (which led to the unaccountably low prices of energy and raw materials etc. ) the majority of enterprises created were material, energy and transport intensive, producing mainly low quality goods. But when the Soviet Union began to collapse in 1991, Estonia declared independence and started shifting towards a market economy. It sought an end to the incessant shortages, poor quality goods and inefficient state-owned industries suffering from diseconomies of scale which had plagued it as a planned economy and the diversity and dynamism of a market economy, which would hopefully bring much needed foreign investment, a well-oiled private business sector and stable economic growth to raise living standards. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Estonia move from a planned economy to a market economy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Estonia move from a planned economy to a market economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Estonia move from a planned economy to a market economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Estonian economy faced deep structural problems immediately following independence. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian ruble continued to function as a currency in the former Soviet empire. Russia had the sole authority to print ruble notes and so in some sense controlled monetary policy throughout the currency area. Estonia remained part of the ruble zone the remnants of the Soviet monetary system even after independence in 1991. But political and economic instability in the CIS, coupled with the complete lack of monetary discipline within the ruble zone, offered little international credibility for the nations using the ruble. With the removal of subsidies on a multitude of goods, prices rose to real levels. In 1992 inflation exceeded 1,000 percent. Without the Soviet Union juggernaught providing cheap raw materials and a market for exports, the Estonian economy was left completely exposed. Inefficient state companies were forced to close, aggravating unemployment and dragging down GDP: the cumulative decline of the GDP during the period 1990-1994 was 36%. Foreign investment was desperately needed; enterprise was almost non-existent and capital had to be imported. What are the benefits of its transition? (5) Today, Estonia has a booming economy that is rapidly reaching western standards. Its economic success is based on a liberal economic policy, a currency board system with a stable currency pegged to the Deutschmark/Euro and a balanced budget (The Estonian government solved the problem of rocketing inflation by introducing a new currency, the Kroon, in 1992. It was pegged to the stable Deutsch mark and helped to calm prices, allowing the economy to start anew). Thanks to an extremely favorable business climate, excellent communication links, a low-cost base, plus a highly skilled and productive workforce, Estonia has become an attractive location for inward direct investment and an active and rapidly growing exporter: in 1998, Estonian exports were four times the level they were five years before. Exports increased faster than imports in 1998, cementing the export sector as a key factor contributing to the countrys economic growth. In 1995, Estonian signed an association agreement with the EU and was among the first six associated countries invited to accession negotiations in December 1997. In 1995, Estonia formally submitted its application to the WTO and negotiations for membership are now entering the final stages. Estonia has succeeded in reorienting its foreign trade away from the former Soviet Union and the shrinking eastern market to western markets. Today, the EU is Estonias biggest trading partner, accounting for over 60% of Estonias exports in 1998. Russia continues to be an important export partner, although total exports to the Russian Federation declined from 19% in 1997 to 13. 4% in 1998. The Russian financial crisis had an effect on industries whose main target for export was Russia (namely the food industry). The GDP declined in 1999 by 0. 7%, but started growing again in 2000. Due to important changes in the direction of foreign trade and the economic relationship in general from east to west during the 1990s, the effect of financial crises in Russia had a more moderate influence on the Estonian economy than would have occurred if Estonia had been more closely linked to the Russian market. The structure of the Estonian GDP has become rather close to that of the GDP of developed countries. These structural changes are a result of the deep economic decline experienced during the difficult years of transition and foreign trade shock (a rapid change of terms of trade, and a deep decline of trade with Russia). These shocks enabled Estonia to develop an export-orientated and well-oiled free market economy, which in turn brought economic growth and an increase of general wages well ahead of inflation. Estonia is now investing heavily in the technology sector, and 40% of its citizens now use the internet. With living standards rising steadily, more and more economists are beginning to call the difficult transition Estonia has endured the Estonian Economic Miracle.

Souht American Celebs essays

Souht American Celebs essays South America. One simple word, and dozens of ideas, thoughts, pictures, people and places swarm into your head. A continent full of exotic and eccentric customs, but so many similarities to our own country, the United States. One things for sure, they certainly dont skimp on their celebrities. Celebrities have a fascinating history that greatly influences South American citizens. The United States plays an integral part in their fame, helping them to become the extraordinary people that they are today. Models, sports players, actors, actresss, and musicians are a critical element of the amazing culture of South America. Nearly all of the celebrities of South America are found in, or originate from, the country of Brazil. Brazil is South Americas leading country when it comes to celebrities. It contains over 350 celebrities that are recognized worldwide for the things that they have achieved during their life. Statistics show that 37% of Brazils working citizens work at jobs in the fine arts. Approximately one third of those people are locally recognized, one seventh are nationally recognized, and more are accumulating each year. In an interview with a school board in Brazil, we were told that more than  ¾ of the high school students are striving to become artists, actors/actresses, models, or professional sports players. Statistics for other South American countries say that less then one third of the students say that they would choose these occupations. Statistics also show that 97% of Brazilians have attended a soccer game, concert, dance performance, or recital at least once in their lifetime. Just like South America, the United States revolves around current, and sometimes former, celebrities. We seem so close to our southern neighbors, we even share a few of our stars, but it seems like we dont really have ...

The Art in Parkour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Art in Parkour - Essay Example Belle began Parkour when he was fifteen, and claims it was inspired by the ideas of the French physician George Hebert, who promoted the 'methode naturelle' (Grimsley 1961) of medical treatment. This focused on the pure benefits of exercise over other methods like drug treatment for simple illnesses and injuries. Belle took these principles and used them in his own fitness regime, which turned quickly into something of a post-modern art form in itself (Gire 2006). Post-modern art takes many ideas on board, but the main feature of this art form that is embodied in Parkour is the aspect of realism through another medium: "Reality itself founders in hyperrealism, the meticulous reduplication of the real, preferably through another, reproductive medium, such as photography" (Harrison et al 2003). Post-modern art deals with new and fresh takes on the reality all around us in the world. The question with Belle and Parkour is simple; is freerunning actually an art or merely a sport that has been copied by followers across the world Van Esterik, Van Esterik and Miller describe an artist as someone who "may be revered and wealthy as individuals or groups, or stigmatized and economically marginal." (Van Esterik et al 2001). Overall, artists must use unique concepts or create new ideas from reality or already established forms of art; in this Belle certainly did succeed and can therefore be thought of as an artist and Parkour as the ultimate in post-modern art. Miles notes how the "forms and spaces of the city are at the heart of academic enquiry across a number of disciplines from architecture and planning to geography, sociology, cultural and media studies" (2000). People like David Belle and his followers have been enthralled by the stark reality that is the inner city, and this is what Parkour is based upon fundamentally (Pinch 2004). A similar remark can be made about skateboarding and its use of the city space in such a comprehensive, post-modern way. Iain Borden explains how skateboarders have taken a new l ook at their surroundings and discovered how to interact with them and take a real interest in all the elements of the city they live in. Borden challenges his readers to adopt the same way of thinking and to take a more hands on approach to the spaces in which they live (Borden 2001). Nevertheless, it must be noted that Parkour is a dangerous art form, and many of its practitioners have sustained injury from its execution; Josephson mentions reknown Parkour practitioner Cris Burden in this vein, since he was the type of artist not only to use Parkour to express himself but other forms of self harm that were thought life threatening and uniquely shocking to American society (Josephson 1996). In fact, Parkour seems to attract the sort of artists looking for innovative and entirely shocking ways of drawing attention both to themselves and their ideas about societal ills. To overcome these dangers, a freerunner must posses "a good pair of sneakers, cat burglarlike agility and a lot of courage" (Washington Times 2004). So what do freerunners feel they are getting out of Parkour The opinions are varied and very interesting to researchers like Western Mail writers who comment on how the art form is "graceful and strict" (2005) at the same time. Piers Hernu remarks that the jumps involved are difficult and dangerous, something

Homosexuality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Homosexuality - Research Paper Example At first, people thought that it is genetics or hereditary because it usually runs in the family. People thought that since it runs in the family, there must be a particular DNA that makes a person homosexual. Others thought that it is the external environment that makes a person gay. It is thought that the external environment influences a certain person to change his or her gender orientation and sexual preference. Peer pressure is often cited as a cause that makes an individual adapt the preference of his or her group. Many thought that the environment itself makes one homosexual such as having dolls as toys when they are kids make one homosexual. There are also people who thought that homosexuality begins with having a certain homosexual genes or DNA and then made it a full blown homosexual when one is exposed to environment and having a group that makes a person homosexual. All of these theorizing seems plausible but experts disagree on this notion about what really causes or makes one gay. They found out through research that neither our genes or environment makes us gay. Scientists claim that homosexuality is neither genetic or external social factors but rather it is the womb that makes one gay. Scientists call it Epigenetic which is the process where DNA expression is influenced by external factors in the environment (not social factors). Specifically, experts argue that Epigenetic mechanisms can be seen as an added layer of information that clings to our DNA. Epi-marks regulate the expression of genes according to the strength of external cues. Genes are basically the instruction book, while epi-marks direct how those instructions get carried out. For example, they can determine when, where, and how much of a gene gets expressed (Dvorsky, 201). This explains why researchers initially did not find any DNA that links to homosexuality before because there was really none but rather, the root is contained in the mother’s womb. National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS) confirm this that being gay is written in how are genes are expressed and how it is activated (Blue, 2012). Personally, it does not matter much to me the gender orientation or preference of a person. Of course the scientist findings enlighten me that after all, it is not in the genes but rather in the womb that makes a person predisposed to homosexuality . But what is important to me is that homosexuality does not define a person to be good or bad. They are unusual yes, but gender preference and orientation is just one aspect of their personhood. Honestly, I am not used to homosexuals but they can become productive members of society when opportunity allows them. I have seen countless gays or homosexuals in America who are living normal lives and having normal careers where many are even successful. I have also seen happy gay couples which seemed to live a normal life. In general, I can see that homosexuals does not cause harm to society but in fact can do good society because many of them are creative owing to their unnatural gender orientation. Personally, I think society should become more accepting towards homosexuals. People should judge a person by his or her character not just because he or she is homosexual or gay. According to experts, homosexuals composed around 10% of our population so it is better of us to be tolerant wi th them because they are there whether we like it or not (Blue, 2012). Instead of

International market unit one DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International market unit one DB - Essay Example Cultural Exchange: we are a global village and though we come from different cultures and background interaction through education waters down this difference, this is especially so when the same curriculum is used by people in with different background. Economic status: there is an up rise in the number of people in middle level social strata, this group would want to have the best and this has increased the demand for Edutot for their children as they seek to give them the best (Zou & Fu, 2011). Preparing children for pre-school has always been the mission, this is done through the creation of an environment that stimulates mental development where children are allowed to participate and develop an all-round intellectual persona. Every child is unique and should be free to learn through educational play activities to help them develop Mühlbacher, Dahringer & Leihs, 2006). The factors on globalization, cultural exchange and economic status are seen as universal, though legal factors are not. Some countries require that children at kindergarten have a curriculum which incorporates Edutot developmental issues but in other areas implementation of this would be difficult because of difference in curriculum and education development funding (Mühlbacher, Dahringer & Leihs, 2006). Target market and mission statement are similar because the main mission is the development of children before preschool by providing them with positive developmental but the ability to grow their unique abilities while still

Robotic Cultivation System Design

Robotic Cultivation System Design Abstract Population of the world is growing rapidly and this rapid growth demands more food. Due to the advancement and revolution boost in petrochemical industries, the agriculture industry also have some developments, but at the cost of soil, environment, and our health. The conventional agriculture industry needs sustainability, improvement, robustness, and automation. Moreover, to keep pace with the requirements, we require machinery support that can perform its tasks more precisely and swiftly, according to the given instruction. In our proposed idea of Robotic Cultivation System, the crux objective is to flourish your garden without any supervision of the farmers. This system works effectively in such areas where farmers face difficulties in farming. The system is designed to perform many tasks including weeding tool, soil moisture, seed injecting, and watering. All these parameters are remotely accessible through any device and continues update of the aforementioned parameters on the w ebsite. Robotic Cultivation System can operate on grid as well as on renewable solar energy. However, it can be scalable from your backyard to agriculture industry. Subsequently, due to less energy consumption and its vital properties, Robotic Cultivation System will be a great revolution in agribusiness. Introduction Pakistan is an agricultural country, where cultivation plays a vital role to maintain the economy. Population of our country is growing rapidly and this rapid growth demands more food. The number of agriculture universities and lack of awareness and research, also has a great influence on the production of food. Developing countries are converting farmer hardship into modern scientific methods by using automation that works more accurately, swiftly, and produce more yield per acre. Farmers waste a lot of water to irrigate their lands which affects the growth of crops, therefore the new conventional paradigm has to devise some method to control the wastage of water. The inadequate quality control measures and poor seeding also affects the augmentation of food production. All these repercussions need to be revamped in order to get fresh and healthy crops. Moreover, through research and past knowledge we can use less human struggle to cover more land per cultivation reducing hectic and tiresome practices. The use of chemicals, which are being used to kill pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, also needs to be curbed, as these chemicals lead to serious health hazards. Limited and unleveled land with low per acre yield are prominent factors which we are facing in production of food crops. Now-a- days engineers have designed various methods which can help the farmers to overcome these limitations and increase food production. Being an agricultural country, we need a lot of improvement and prosperity to overcome the major problems in cultivation system of Pakistan. When presented with the current food production system one cannot look past how broken it is. We have surrendered our knowledge in control over, how our food been produced and as a result we are destroying our health and the environment. We have to change that by an idea of new pyridine of food production. The idea lies in the intersection of automation, the open source DIY maker movement and small scale polygraph farming. The Robotic Cultivation System is designed to move around X, Y, and Z space, day and night, seven days a week growing food. The system precisely sows seeds in any pattern and density you want and waters them efficiently, the exact amount that each plant needs based on its type, according to the plants age, soil, local weather conditions and your growing preferences. The Robotic Cultivation System can grow variety of crops, all in the same area, at the same time. Each plant is cared individually in an optimize and automated way. By growing many type of plants at onc e, your garden will benefit from the natural advantages of poly cropping and croporation. Using the onboard camera and advance computer vision software, the system intelligently monitors your garden. With the soil sensor, it tells how your gardens moisture level changes over time, enabling smarter and more efficient farming with each passing season. By this system your garden will flourish, and your plants will frieze. Moreover, you can control Robotic Cultivation System with powerful web based interface. The hardware design of the system is scalable, from your backyard to agriculture industry. Also, it can operate on renewable solar power. The system is perfect to get started in a small space, can be placed outdoors or in a green house or even on a roof top. Objectives Construction and Implementation of Cultivation Robot. It has two operating nodes, off grid and on grid. Remote access through any device and continues update of four parameters such as, moisture of soil before and after watering, quantity of water, and parameter measuring time stamp on website. Online access of weather conditions of the area to define the watering pattern for different vergtion in order to maintain moisture level of the area. Cost analysis of the project based on the real time data collected parameter in step number three. Optional Yield a vegetation pattern of a person and recommend to grow vegetable needed for the person for food using age, blood sugar, and weight. One person has the input over the cycle of one year (Diet Chart). Plant inspection using Digital Image Processing.

Plato Vs Socrates Essay -- Philosophy

Plato's point of view is different from many other peoples. He says that people do wrong not because they are inherently evil, but because they are unclear about what is best for them. While the good truly is good, the pleasant do not know good and therefore have the incorrect belief of good. He is saying someone who is good knows what good is and those who do not do good do not know good itself. Plato believes that the contemporary society is mistaken about their interpretations of good and pleasant. Society believes that good is pleasant. Plato portrays this message through the mouth piece of Socrates. The philosopher Polus argues that good is made by the possessor. He says one can achieve good through their actions. Good is achievable by all, different to all and can be attained by the possessor through good actions. Socrates argues that his definition is correct. He says civilization does good not for good itself but for other reasons. He says, humans do make the medicine for the sake of medicine but they make this to improve the health and well-being of someone. People are concerned about the results of the good they are doing rather than the action of doing good itself. Socrates mentions that a long distance runner does not run incredibly long distances just for the thrill of running, but the runner runs these long distances to maintain his health and to stay fit. Socrates gives Polus an example as to how his definition of good is wrong. Kings are faced with criminals everyday that must be punished for their wrongful actions. The criminals must be put to death supposedly for the "good of the state." This is one example of how a ruler or possessor does what he does he thinks is good. Th... ...in of thirst from ourselves and pleasuring ourselves with drink. I also question what Socrates says about wrong being an individuals opinion rather than a standard by which we live. It seems like Socrates is saying that no one has morals and society can do wrong and not even realize it. It sounds like humans do not know the difference between right and wrong. He seems as though he knows all and has all the right answers. There is also another way at looking at what Socrates says here. Everybody lives a different lifestyle. Some people live a life dedicated to a certain religion and some people are part of the mafia or live in street alleys. Everyone is going to have their own position on what is wrong and what is not. Even though stealing is wrong homeless people may argue that they needs food to survive and stealing it is the only way they can get it.